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Jimmy Carter James Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. was the 39th president of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981. Born on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia, Carter came from a rural farming family and built a career that took him from the U.S. Navy to Georgia politics and ultimately the White House. His presidency was marked by important achievements in diplomacy, energy, environmental protection, and human rights, but also by severe economic difficulties and international crises. After leaving office, Carter established an extraordinary record of humanitarian service through the Carter Center, eventually receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. He died in 2024 at the age of 100, making him the longest-lived president in American history. Carter was born into a family deeply connected to rural Georgia. His father, James Earl Carter Sr., was a farmer and businessman, while his mother, Lillian Gordy Carter, was a registered nurse. In 1928, the family moved to a 350-acre farm in Archery, a small African American community near Plains, where Carter experienced the rural South firsthand. He attended public schools in Plains and later studied at Georgia Southwestern College and the Georgia Institute of Technology before entering the United States Naval Academy, from which he graduated in 1946. As a young naval officer, Carter became a submariner and eventually joined Admiral Hyman Rickover's nuclear submarine program, studying reactor technology and nuclear physics. His upbringing, education, military service, and strong religious faith would all shape his later approach to public service. Carter married Rosalynn Smith in 1946 and initially pursued a career in the Navy. When his father died in 1953, Carter resigned his naval commission and returned to Georgia to take over the family farm and operate a seed and farm-supply business with Rosalynn. He became increasingly involved in his community, serving on local boards dealing with education, health care, and the library. In 1962, he won election to the Georgia State Senate, beginning his political career. After an unsuccessful campaign for governor in 1966, Carter won the governorship in 1970 and served from 1971 to 1975. As governor, he promoted government reform, improved race relations, appointed African Americans to state positions, pursued tax reform, and sought to modernize Georgia's government. His reputation as a reform-minded Southern Democrat helped him emerge as an unlikely national political figure, and in 1976 he won the Democratic presidential nomination and defeated incumbent President Gerald Ford. Carter became president on January 20, 1977, entering office during a period of economic uncertainty and declining public confidence in government. His administration pursued an ambitious energy program, created the Department of Energy, expanded environmental protections, and supported the creation of the Department of Education. In foreign policy, Carter emphasized human rights and diplomacy, negotiating the Panama Canal treaties and establishing formal diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. His greatest diplomatic achievement came in 1978, when he brought Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin together at Camp David, resulting in the 1979 Egypt-Israel peace treaty. However, Carter's presidency was also overshadowed by high inflation, an energy crisis, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and the Iranian hostage crisis, in which 52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days. Carter lost the 1980 election to Ronald Reagan, ending his presidency after one term. Carter's post-presidency became one of the most consequential in American history. In 1982, he and Rosalynn founded the Carter Center in Atlanta, which worked to promote democracy, monitor elections, protect human rights, resolve international conflicts, and combat disease. Carter personally participated in diplomatic missions around the world, including efforts involving North Korea, Haiti, Bosnia, Sudan, and other areas of conflict. He also became closely associated with Habitat for Humanity, working alongside Rosalynn to help build and renovate homes for people in need. His humanitarian work earned him the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, advance democracy and human rights, and promote economic and social development. He also became a prolific author, writing more than thirty books on politics, history, religion, memoir, and other subjects. Jimmy Carter died peacefully at his home in Plains, Georgia, on December 29, 2024, surrounded by his family. He was 100 years old and had lived longer than any other American president; his wife Rosalynn had died the previous year after 77 years of marriage. Carter's legacy is complex: his presidency is often remembered for economic problems and major foreign-policy crises, but historians have increasingly recognized his accomplishments in diplomacy, human rights, energy, environmental protection, and the restoration of public trust after the turmoil of the Nixon era. His post-presidential humanitarian work arguably became an even greater part of his historical reputation, with the Carter Center continuing efforts to promote peace, democracy, health, and human rights around the world. Carter ultimately came to represent a distinctive model of public service—one in which a former president continued working for the public good long after leaving the White House. President, Governor

John Tyler John Tyler was the tenth president of the United States, serving from April 6, 1841, to March 3, 1845. Born into the prominent Virginia planter and political class, Tyler entered public life as a firm believer in states’ rights, limited federal power, and strict adherence to the Constitution. Although he began his political career as a Democrat-Republican and later became a Whig, his independent views repeatedly put him at odds with his own parties. Tyler became president unexpectedly following the death of William Henry Harrison, and his presidency established the important precedent that a vice president who succeeds to the presidency becomes the full president rather than merely an acting president. His administration also helped advance the annexation of Texas, while his resistance to Whig economic policies left him politically isolated. Tyler was born on March 29, 1790, at Greenway Plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, into a wealthy and politically influential family. His father, John Tyler Sr., was a prominent Virginia politician who served as governor of Virginia and later as a judge. Tyler was raised in the traditions of the Virginia planter aristocracy and received a classical education at home before attending the College of William and Mary. He graduated in 1807 at only seventeen years old and studied law under his father. Admitted to the Virginia bar in 1809, Tyler quickly began practicing law and developing the political philosophy that would characterize much of his career. His upbringing instilled in him a strong attachment to Virginia, skepticism toward concentrated federal power, and a belief that the Constitution strictly limited the authority of the national government. Tyler entered politics in 1811 when he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates at the age of twenty-one. He subsequently served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1817 to 1821, where he generally supported the limited-government principles associated with the Democratic-Republicans and opposed measures he believed exceeded Congress's constitutional authority. He served as governor of Virginia from 1825 to 1826 and then represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate from 1827 to 1836. Tyler became increasingly opposed to President Andrew Jackson's use of federal power, particularly his decision to destroy the Second Bank of the United States, and briefly became associated with the emerging Whig Party. In 1836, he resigned from the Senate rather than comply with Virginia's legislature when it ordered its senators to vote against Jackson's administration. Tyler's reputation as a states' rights conservative eventually made him an attractive running mate for the Whigs, and in 1840 he was nominated for vice president alongside William Henry Harrison. The election of 1840 brought Harrison and Tyler to the White House in a landslide victory over Martin Van Buren, but their partnership lasted only a few weeks. Harrison died on April 4, 1841, after just thirty-one days in office, making Tyler the first vice president to succeed to the presidency. Tyler immediately asserted that he was the full president, establishing what became known as the "Tyler precedent." His presidency quickly became contentious because he rejected major elements of the Whig program, including Henry Clay's efforts to establish a new national bank. Tyler vetoed two Whig-backed bank bills, causing most of his cabinet to resign and leading the Whigs to formally expel him from the party. Despite his political isolation, his administration achieved several important successes, including the Webster-Ashburton Treaty with Britain in 1842, which settled several long-standing boundary disputes. Tyler increasingly turned his attention toward the annexation of Texas, and in the final months of his presidency he signed a treaty to annex Texas, although the Senate rejected it. His administration ultimately succeeded in advancing the issue enough that Congress approved annexation shortly after he left office. After leaving the presidency on March 4, 1845, Tyler returned to his Virginia estate, Sherwood Forest, where he largely withdrew from national politics. He remained interested in the sectional crisis over slavery and sought to promote compromise between the North and South. When the Civil War approached, however, Tyler increasingly supported the Southern states' position. In 1861, he chaired the Washington Peace Conference, an unsuccessful effort to prevent secession through constitutional compromise. After Virginia seceded, Tyler supported the Confederacy and was elected to the Confederate House of Representatives in 1861, although he died before he could take his seat. His decision to support secession marked a dramatic final chapter in the career of a man who had once occupied the highest office in the United States. John Tyler died on January 18, 1862, in Richmond, Virginia, at the age of seventy-one, apparently from a stroke. Because he had joined the Confederacy, he became the only former U.S. president to receive an official Confederate funeral, and he was buried at Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. Tyler's historical legacy is complicated: his presidency was often considered unsuccessful because he lacked a stable political party and faced relentless opposition from Congress, yet he established a crucial constitutional precedent concerning presidential succession and played an important role in the movement toward the annexation of Texas. His administration also demonstrated the difficulty of governing when a president's constitutional convictions conflict with the program of the political party that elected him. Tyler's later allegiance to the Confederacy has further shaped his reputation, making his life an unusual bridge between the early republic and the coming Civil War. President, Vice President, Representative, Senator, Governor

As Chief Secretariat you will be in charge of taking and preserving the minutes of meetings, organizing & scheduling meetings & events, advising the Chair, and coordinating & communicating with the other Chiefs. < Back Chief Secretariat Apply Now Job Type Volunteer About the Role As Chief Secretariat you will be in charge of taking and preserving the minutes of meetings, organizing & scheduling meetings & events, advising the Chair, and coordinating & communicating with the other Chiefs. Requirements Have several years of relavent work experience Have a letter of reommendation from your previous employer regarding secretary work About the Company Amending America is an educational support services 501(c)(3) that specializes in American History, Civics, and Constitutional Law, and provides a variety of different resources for people to learn from including online courses, research projects, videos, and an extensive library of primary source documents. Apply Now

< Back Tim Schantz Advisor Tim Schantz is a senior financial executive with broad domestic and international experience in both developed and emerging markets and in a wide range of financial arenas, including asset and wealth management, corporate and structured finance, investment/merchant banking and alternative investing. He has also cultivated a lifelong interest in history, politics and strategy. Mr. Schantz currently serves as Senior Advisor to History Factory (where he previously worked as Chief Administrative Officer and as a member of the leadership team for over 7 years), as Vice Chairman of Clear Harbor Asset Management, on the Board of Advisors for S Cube Capital, and as a strategy consultant to Digital Transitions/Pixel Acuity. After a decade of living and working in Europe (the UK, Italy and Germany) in corporate finance and banking with Bankers Trust, Continental Illinois and Chase Manhattan and then serving as a strategy consultant for Greenwich Associates, he has spent the better part of the past 30 years in executive leadership roles; first, as president of ING Capital, the firm’s US merchant bank, and, then, as president of ING Furman Selz Asset Management, its third party money management platform specializing in alternatives and managed accounts. This was followed by roles as head of ING’s corporate and structured finance business in the Americas (North and South) and Deutsche Bank’s structured finance activities within private wealth management in the US before joining Genworth as head of alternative investing. Then, after leading the Mountbatten Institute in North America, providing first class professional development and experiential education to post-graduate students from around the world, Mr. Schantz was called to serve the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation in Washington, DC, comprised of the Cathedral and its three schools. as its Executive Vice President and COO, prior to joining History Factory. He has also served as a member of the Compensation and Governance Committees for the Board of Questex Media and has been a Director and Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee for MortgageIT, a NYSE listed company prior to its acquisition by Deutsche Bank. Mr. Schantz has previously served as a Trustee and Chairman of the Governance Committee and led a capital campaign for the Museum of American Finance, as a Director for University Settlement, one of New York’s oldest charitable organizations, as a Trustee for the Investment Funds of the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut, as Treasurer and Vestry member of St. Andrew’s Church in Stamford, as President of the Tomac Historic Burying Ground in Old Greenwich, Ct. and on the Chairman’s Advisory Committee of the Greenwich Historical Society. Currently, he serves as Chairman of the Investment Committee, member of the Governance Committee, and Co-Chairman of the Milestones Committee for the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and as Chairman of the Strategic Initiatives Committee and member of the Executive Committee for the advisory board of the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives. Mr. Schantz holds a BA in history from Brown University, studied at the American Universities Field Staff Institute in Rome and is a recipient of an award in historic preservation from the Daughters of the American Revolution. He and his wife, Patricia, currently live in the twin capitals of Washington, DC and Annapolis, Maryland after living many years in Old Greenwich, Connecticut. Their three adult children, Adam, Susannah and Bobby, are residents of Philadelphia, Washington and New York respectively.

< Back Katie Gorka Advisor Katie served in the first Trump Administration at the Department of Homeland Security (2017-2020). From 2020 to 2022 she served as Director for Civil Society at The Heritage Foundation, working with parents around the country to regain control over their children’s education. From 2009 to 2014, Katie served as executive director of the Westminster Institute, where she worked closely with law enforcement on combatting terrorism. She then continued that work with her husband, Dr. Sebastian Gorka, as president of Threat Knowledge Group, providing counter-terrorism training and expertise to the FBI, SO/LIC, JSOU, Special Operations Command and the Counter-Terrorism Technical Support Office (CTTSO). She is editor of the book, Fighting the Ideological War: Winning Strategies from Communism to Islamism , and co-author of the book NextGen Marxism: What It Is and How to Combat It . Follow her on Facebook @KatharineGorka Twitter @GorkaKatie

A DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) notification, also known as a DMCA takedown notice, is a legal request sent by the copyright owner or their representative to an online service provider, web hosting company, or website operator. The purpose of this notification is to request the removal of content that allegedly infringes on the copyright owner's rights. < Back DMCA Notification Guidelines A DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) notification, also known as a DMCA takedown notice, is a legal request sent by the copyright owner or their representative to an online service provider, web hosting company, or website operator. The purpose of this notification is to request the removal of content that allegedly infringes on the copyright owner's rights. Digital Millennium Copyright Act Notification Guidelines Notification of Infringement It is our policy to respond to clear notices of alleged copyright infringement. This page explains the information that must be included in these notices, as required by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”). Upon receipt of a DMCA compliant notice, Amending America ltd., a 501(c)(3) organization (“Amending America”), will expeditiously remove or disable access to the content that is the subject of the notice. If you are a copyright owner or an authorized agent thereof, and you wish to file a notice of infringement with us, then you may submit a notice by providing Amending America’s Designated Copyright Agent with the following information in writing (please consult your legal counsel or See 17 U.S.C. Section 512(c)(3) to confirm these requirements): A physical or electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed. 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Charles Dawes Charles Gates Dawes was an Ohio-born lawyer, businessman, banker, diplomat, Republican politician, and the thirtieth vice president of the United States. He became nationally prominent through his work on post–World War I European economic reconstruction and shared the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for his work on the Dawes Plan. He later served as Calvin Coolidge's vice president from 1925 to 1929 and subsequently became U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom. Dawes was born on August 27, 1865, in Marietta, Ohio, to Rufus R. Dawes and Mary Beman Gates. His father was a Union general during the Civil War and later served in Congress. Dawes attended Marietta College, graduating in 1884, and studied law at the University of Cincinnati College of Law, receiving his law degree in 1886. He moved to Lincoln, Nebraska, where he practiced law and became involved in Republican politics. Dawes became increasingly interested in economics and business and moved to Chicago in 1894, where he became a successful businessman and banker. He was also active in Republican politics and supported William McKinley's presidential campaigns. In 1898, McKinley appointed Dawes as comptroller of the currency, making him responsible for federal supervision of the nation's national banking system. Dawes resigned in 1901 and returned to private business, eventually becoming a prominent Chicago banker. After World War I, Dawes became involved in the international problem of German reparations and European financial instability. In 1923, he chaired an international committee charged with finding a way to stabilize Germany's finances and facilitate the payment of reparations. The resulting Dawes Plan of 1924 reorganized Germany's reparations schedule and provided for substantial foreign loans to Germany. For this work, Dawes and British politician Sir Austen Chamberlain jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925. Dawes became the Republican vice-presidential nominee in 1924 alongside Calvin Coolidge. The Coolidge-Dawes ticket defeated Democrat John W. Davis and Progressive Robert M. La Follette, and Dawes took office on March 4, 1925. As vice president, Dawes presided over the Senate, where he became involved in disputes with senators over Senate procedure. His relationship with Coolidge was generally cordial but not especially close. Dawes left the vice presidency in 1929 when Coolidge's second term ended. After leaving the vice presidency, Dawes returned to diplomacy. President Herbert Hoover appointed him ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1929, and he served in London until 1932. He then returned to Chicago and resumed his business and civic activities. Dawes remained active in banking and public affairs until his death in Evanston, Illinois, on April 23, 1951, at the age of eighty-five. Dawes's legacy is unusual because his most important contributions occurred outside the vice presidency. His work on the Dawes Plan made him a major figure in the international economic diplomacy of the 1920s, while his Nobel Peace Prize recognized his role in attempting to stabilize postwar Europe. His career also illustrates the increasingly international role of American financial and diplomatic leaders during the period between the two World Wars. Vice President, General

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< Back Liam Reilley Volunteer Liam Reilley is an American History Researcher at Tarpeia . Liam currently resides in Avon, OH. He has a dog named Finn. He has a bachelor’s degree in Political Science with a minor in History from Baldwin Wallace University. Currently, he works as a Legal Assistant at a small law firm. His main historical interests include, US Presidential History(he can name all the US Presidents in order), WW1 and WW2,US Civil War, US Pop Culture in the latter half of the 20th century, The Cold War, along with many different other eras of our nation’s history. His hobbies include running, walking, biking, watching baseball, watching documentaries, and having fun with friends and family.