Search this site

< Back Nour Chbany Chief Marketer Nour Chbany is the chief marketer; she is Majoring in finance and loves exploring new countries and new cultures. “I am proud to contribute to Tarpeia and cannot wait to see this community thrive and for us to grow and fulfill our purpose of helping teachers teach and students study American history.”

Adlai Stevenson Adlai Ewing Stevenson I was an Illinois lawyer and Democratic politician who served in Congress, became assistant postmaster general, and served as the twenty-third vice president. He was the second vice president to serve under Grover Cleveland, because Cleveland's two presidencies were nonconsecutive. Stevenson later became the Democratic vice-presidential nominee again in 1900. Stevenson was born on October 23, 1835, near Christian County, Kentucky. His family moved to Illinois during his childhood, and he attended Centre College in Kentucky. He studied law and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1858. He subsequently established a legal practice in Bloomington, Illinois, where he became active in Democratic politics. Stevenson was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1874 and served from 1875 to 1877. He returned to the House in 1879 and served until 1881. After Grover Cleveland became president in 1885, Cleveland appointed Stevenson first assistant postmaster general. In that position, Stevenson became responsible for removing thousands of Republican-appointed postmasters, making him an important participant in the Democratic administration's patronage system. Stevenson returned to Congress in 1889 and served until 1893. The Democrats nominated him for vice president alongside Grover Cleveland in 1892. They defeated the Republican ticket of Benjamin Harrison and Whitelaw Reid, returning Cleveland to the White House for a second, nonconsecutive term. Stevenson therefore became vice president on March 4, 1893. As vice president, Stevenson presided over the Senate during a period dominated by the economic crisis that began with the Panic of 1893 and the debate over monetary policy, particularly the use of silver. He generally supported the Democratic administration's position on monetary policy. After Cleveland's second term ended in 1897, Stevenson again became the Democratic vice-presidential nominee in 1900, this time running alongside William Jennings Bryan. The ticket lost to William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Stevenson remained active in Democratic politics after leaving the vice presidency. He was considered for several national nominations and continued speaking and campaigning for Democratic candidates. His grandson, Adlai Stevenson II, later became governor of Illinois and the Democratic presidential nominee in 1952 and 1956. Adlai Stevenson I died in Chicago on June 14, 1914. Stevenson's legacy includes his role in the Democratic politics of the late nineteenth century and the development of the vice presidency as a more visible political office. He is also notable as the first vice president whose grandson later became a major national presidential candidate. His career connects the Democratic Party of the Gilded Age with the progressive-era Democratic politics represented by William Jennings Bryan. Vice President, Representative

John McLean McLean's career spanned the early republic, the Jacksonian era, the rise of the Republican Party, and the beginning of the Civil War. Before joining the Supreme Court he had served in Congress and as Postmaster General under two presidents. On the Court he frequently occupied an independent position and eventually became one of the strongest judicial opponents of the constitutional arguments supporting slavery. McLean was born on March 11, 1785, in New Jersey. His family moved westward to Ohio when he was young, and he grew up during the rapid development of the Northwest Territory. He studied law and established a practice in Lebanon, Ohio. McLean entered politics as a Democratic-Republican and was elected to Congress in 1812. He later became a judge of the Ohio Supreme Court. President James Monroe appointed him Postmaster General in 1823, and McLean continued in that office under President John Quincy Adams. Andrew Jackson later nominated him to the Supreme Court in 1829. McLean served during the entire Taney Court and participated in many of the great constitutional controversies preceding the Civil War. In Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837), he joined the Court's rejection of a broad implied monopoly. In Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842), he joined the Court's recognition of federal authority over fugitive slaves while expressing opposition to aspects of the slavery regime. His most famous judicial work came in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), where he dissented from Chief Justice Taney's opinion and argued that free Black Americans could be citizens of the United States and that Congress possessed authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. McLean remained on the Court until his death and was repeatedly discussed as a potential presidential candidate. He was a prominent anti-slavery Whig and later Republican, although he never secured his party's presidential nomination. He died in Cincinnati on April 4, 1861, only weeks before the outbreak of the Civil War. McLean's greatest legacy lies in his dissent in Dred Scott . His opinion offered a direct constitutional rejection of the proposition that Black Americans could categorically be excluded from American citizenship. Although the Court's majority rejected his position, his dissent became part of the constitutional arguments that ultimately informed the Fourteenth Amendment. Constitutional approach: Originalist, but with an anti-slavery constitutional interpretation. McLean should not be labeled a living constitutionalist. His Dred Scott dissent rested heavily on historical evidence concerning citizenship at the founding and on the constitutional text rather than on an evolving-constitution theory. Key decisions Case Subject McLean's role Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837) Contract Clause Participated Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) Fugitive Slave Clause Participated Ableman v. Booth (1859) Federal supremacy / Fugitive Slave Act Opinion of the Court Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Citizenship / slavery / territorial power Dissent Separate opinions: McLean became one of the Court's most prominent dissenters, culminating in his powerful dissent in Dred Scott . Justice

Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933 during one of the most difficult periods in American history. Born on August 10, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa, Hoover rose from a modest Quaker upbringing to become a highly successful mining engineer, businessman, humanitarian, and public servant. Before entering the White House, he gained an international reputation for organizing massive relief efforts during and after World War I. As president, Hoover initially governed during a period of prosperity, but the stock market crash of October 1929 and the ensuing Great Depression transformed his presidency. Although his administration undertook significant efforts to combat the economic crisis, Hoover became closely associated with the Depression and was defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Hoover was born to Jesse Clark Hoover, a blacksmith and local Quaker leader, and Hulda Randall Minthorn Hoover. He was orphaned at a young age: his mother died in 1884, followed by his father in 1885. After his parents' deaths, Hoover was raised partly by relatives and eventually sent to live with his uncle in Oregon. His Quaker upbringing emphasized discipline, thrift, self-reliance, hard work, and service to others—values that strongly influenced his later political philosophy. Hoover attended Stanford University, entering with the school's first class in 1891, and studied geology. At Stanford he met Lou Henry, another geology student whom he later married. He graduated in 1895 with a degree in geology and soon began a career that would take him around the world. After graduating, Hoover worked as a mining engineer and traveled extensively, inspecting and developing mines in Australia, China, and other parts of the world. He eventually became an independent mining consultant and made a considerable fortune through his international business ventures. Hoover's engineering career gave him a reputation for organization, efficiency, and technical expertise. During World War I, however, his career shifted toward humanitarian service. When Germany invaded Belgium in 1914, Hoover organized the Commission for Relief in Belgium, which coordinated the delivery of food to millions of civilians. After the United States entered the war, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover head of the U.S. Food Administration, where he promoted conservation and organized the nation's wartime food supply. After the war, Hoover served as Secretary of Commerce under Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, promoting economic development, infrastructure, aviation, radio, standardization, and expanded cooperation between government and business. His reputation as an efficient administrator helped make him a leading candidate for the presidency in 1928. Hoover was elected president in 1928, defeating Democrat Al Smith in a landslide. He entered office promising continued prosperity and famously spoke of eliminating poverty and ensuring that prosperity would reach ordinary Americans. His presidency, however, was soon overwhelmed by the stock market crash of October 1929 and the Great Depression. Hoover initially relied heavily on voluntary cooperation among businesses, local governments, and charities, believing that excessive federal intervention could undermine individual responsibility and the American economic system. As the Depression deepened, however, his administration adopted increasingly aggressive measures. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was established in 1932 to provide emergency loans to banks, railroads, and other major institutions, while the federal government expanded public works spending and provided assistance to state and local governments. Hoover also signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff in 1930, which raised tariffs substantially and became controversial as international trade contracted. The crisis and the government's limited ability to provide direct relief made Hoover deeply unpopular. The 1932 Bonus Army incident, in which World War I veterans seeking early payment of promised bonuses were forcibly removed from Washington, further damaged his reputation. Hoover lost the 1932 election to Franklin D. Roosevelt, winning only six states. After leaving office in March 1933, Hoover largely withdrew from electoral politics but remained an active public figure and writer. He strongly criticized many of Roosevelt's New Deal policies, arguing that they expanded federal power too far and threatened individual liberty and the traditional American system of voluntary cooperation. Hoover continued to work on humanitarian causes and became increasingly concerned with government efficiency and fiscal responsibility. During and after World War II, he again contributed to international relief efforts, serving on committees that examined food and reconstruction problems in Europe. He also worked to reorganize and improve the federal government, including leading commissions under Presidents Truman and Eisenhower that studied the structure and operation of the executive branch. Hoover published numerous books and articles, including his memoirs and writings defending his economic and political philosophy. Although his reputation remained poor for many years, historians increasingly recognized that his administration did more to respond to the Depression than the popular image of complete inaction suggests. Hoover died on October 20, 1964, in New York City at the age of 90. He was buried in West Branch, Iowa, near his birthplace and the presidential library that bears his name. His legacy remains complicated. Hoover is often remembered primarily as the president who occupied the White House when the Great Depression began, making his name closely associated with economic hardship and government failure. Yet his career before and after the presidency reveals a much broader figure: an internationally successful engineer, a self-made businessman, a pioneering humanitarian, and an advocate of efficient and limited government. His administration created important institutions such as the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and expanded federal involvement in public works and economic stabilization, even while resisting the scale and nature of the later New Deal. Hoover's life therefore illustrates both the possibilities and limitations of the ideals of self-reliance, voluntary cooperation, and limited government when confronted with a national economic catastrophe. President, Sec. of Commerce

Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911–2004) was the 40th president of the United States, serving from 1981 to 1989. A former actor, labor leader, governor, and conservative political figure, Reagan became one of the most influential American presidents of the late twentieth century. His presidency was defined by a conservative political program emphasizing tax reductions, deregulation, increased military spending, and a smaller role for the federal government in the economy, while his foreign policy focused on confronting the Soviet Union and ultimately pursuing negotiations with its leadership. Reagan entered the White House at a time of economic difficulty and Cold War tensions and left office with a transformed Republican Party, a stronger conservative movement, and a changing relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. Reagan was born on February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois, to John Edward Reagan and Nelle Clyde Wilson Reagan. His father worked primarily as a shoe salesman, while his mother was active in church and community affairs, and Reagan was raised in a relatively modest household. The family eventually settled in Dixon, Illinois, where Reagan attended Dixon High School and developed interests in athletics, public speaking, and entertainment. He attended Eureka College, where he studied economics and sociology, played football, participated in student activities, and developed his skills as a public speaker. After graduating in 1932, Reagan began pursuing a career in radio broadcasting, which provided him with the communication skills that would later become central to his political career. Reagan first gained national attention as a radio sports announcer before moving to Hollywood in 1937 and beginning a long career as an actor. He appeared in more than fifty films, although he was generally regarded as a solid supporting actor rather than one of Hollywood's biggest stars. Reagan also became increasingly involved in the Screen Actors Guild, eventually serving as its president and participating in labor disputes and the political conflicts surrounding Hollywood during the early Cold War. Initially a Democrat and a supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Reagan gradually moved toward conservatism during the 1950s and 1960s. His political transformation culminated in his famous 1964 televised speech, "A Time for Choosing," which established him as a major conservative spokesman. In 1966, he was elected governor of California, serving two terms from 1967 to 1975, where he gained national prominence by advocating lower taxes, limited government, and a tougher approach toward crime and political unrest. After unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1968 and 1976, Reagan won the Republican nomination in 1980 and defeated Democratic incumbent Jimmy Carter. Reagan was inaugurated president on January 20, 1981, promising to restore confidence in the American economy and government. His administration pursued substantial reductions in federal income-tax rates, reductions in some domestic spending, deregulation, and a major expansion of defense expenditures, policies that became associated with "Reaganomics." The economy initially experienced a severe recession, but inflation declined and a long period of economic growth followed. Reagan also survived an assassination attempt by John Hinckley Jr. in March 1981. In foreign affairs, Reagan adopted a confrontational posture toward the Soviet Union, describing it as an "evil empire" and dramatically increasing American military capabilities, while later pursuing arms-control negotiations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. His administration was also involved in controversial events including the Iran-Contra affair, in which officials secretly facilitated arms sales to Iran and diverted proceeds to support the Contra rebels in Nicaragua. Reagan won reelection in 1984 in one of the largest electoral landslides in American history, defeating Democrat Walter Mondale. During his second term, negotiations with Gorbachev produced major arms-control agreements, including the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, while the broader Cold War entered a period of reduced tension. After leaving office in January 1989, Reagan retired with his wife, Nancy, to California and remained an important figure within the Republican Party and American conservatism. He gave speeches, maintained a public presence, and established the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California. In November 1994, Reagan announced that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and gradually withdrew from public life as the disease progressed. His post-presidential years nevertheless reinforced his status as an influential conservative symbol, with supporters crediting him with advancing free-market economics, strengthening American military power, and helping bring the Cold War toward its conclusion. Critics, however, pointed to rising federal deficits, increased income inequality, controversial foreign-policy decisions, and the social costs associated with his domestic policies. Reagan died on June 5, 2004, at his home in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 93. He received a state funeral in Washington, D.C., followed by burial at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, where Nancy Reagan was later buried beside him. Reagan's legacy remains deeply influential in American politics: the Republican Party increasingly embraced his combination of tax reduction, limited government, strong national defense, and socially conservative politics, while the phrase "Reagan Revolution" came to describe the broader conservative shift he helped lead. His presidency is also remembered for his distinctive ability to communicate political ideas to the American public and for his eventual diplomatic engagement with the Soviet Union. Whether viewed as a transformative conservative president or as a leader whose policies produced significant economic and social costs, Reagan remains one of the most consequential American presidents of the modern era. President, Governor

James Wilson Wilson was among the most intellectually ambitious members of the founding generation. His importance extended far beyond his eight years on the Supreme Court: he was a signer of both the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, a major participant in the Constitutional Convention, a leading advocate for ratification, and one of the first professors of American law. His judicial opinions, particularly Chisholm v. Georgia , reveal a constitutional philosophy centered on popular sovereignty, national authority, and the relationship between the people and their governments. Wilson was born in Scotland on September 14, 1742. He attended the universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, and Edinburgh without completing a degree before emigrating to America in 1765. He initially worked as a teacher in Philadelphia and then studied law, eventually establishing a legal practice in Reading, Pennsylvania. Wilson quickly became involved in the Revolutionary movement and was elected to the Continental Congress in 1775. Although initially cautious about immediate independence, he ultimately voted for and signed the Declaration of Independence. He later became an important Pennsylvania political figure and served as an advocate general for France in America. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, Wilson played an exceptionally prominent role, serving on the Committee of Detail and helping formulate the structure of the new federal government. He subsequently became a leading advocate for ratification and helped establish the study of American constitutional law at the College of Philadelphia. Washington appointed Wilson to the Supreme Court in 1789. Wilson's most famous judicial opinion came in Chisholm v. Georgia in 1793, where he developed an extensive theory of sovereignty. Unlike Blair and Cushing, who concentrated closely on the constitutional text, Wilson devoted considerable attention to political philosophy, history, natural law, and the nature of sovereignty before concluding that the Constitution authorized the suit against Georgia. He also participated in Hayburn's Case , Georgia v. Brailsford , Glass v. Sloop Betsey , and other early cases. Wilson's final years were marked by increasingly serious financial problems caused partly by land speculation and debt. He was imprisoned for debt in New Jersey in 1797 and again in North Carolina in 1798. Despite these difficulties, he remained a Supreme Court justice and continued his involvement in legal education. He died in Edenton, North Carolina, on August 21, 1798, at fifty-five. Wilson occupies a unique position in early American constitutional history because he combined judicial service with direct participation in creating the Constitution itself. His Chisholm opinion remains one of the earliest systematic discussions of popular sovereignty in American constitutional law. His lectures on law and government also helped establish constitutional law as a distinct field of American legal education. Constitutional approach: Natural-law/structural constitutionalist rather than “strict” textualist. Wilson should not be classified as a living constitutionalist. His approach was nevertheless broader than Blair's or Cushing's because he frequently reasoned from political philosophy, natural law, popular sovereignty, and the structure of the constitutional order as well as from the text. His jurisprudence is best described as founding-era natural-law constitutionalism. Key decisions and opinions: Case Subject Wilson's participation Hayburn's Case (1792) Separation of powers Participated Georgia v. Brailsford (1792–94) State sovereignty / equity Separate opinion Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) Popular sovereignty / state sovereignty Separate opinion, majority Glass v. Sloop Betsey (1794) Federal admiralty jurisdiction Participated Penhallow v. Doane's Administrators (1795) Federal authority / admiralty Participated United States v. Peters (1795) Federal judicial power Participated Wilson's Chisholm opinion is the most important surviving example of his jurisprudence. All four justices in the majority issued separate opinions, making it particularly valuable for comparing the different constitutional methodologies of the early Court. Justice, General, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention

Praeconium Diurnalis Archives Gazette Tribune Almanac More Almanac Almanac Almanac Almanac Featured

< Back The Heritage Foundation's Project 2025 Nonprofit Think Tank With the Biden administration half over and with the immediate dangers inherent to one-party rule in Washington behind us for now, it’s past time to lay the groundwork for a White House more friendly to the right. For decades, as the left has continued its march through America’s institutions, conservatives have been outgunned and outmatched when it comes to the art of government. One reason is because the Republican establishment never moved on from the 1980s. Beltway conservatives still prioritize supply-side economics and a bellicose foreign policy above all else. Belief in small government, strangely enough, has manifested itself in a belief among some conservatives that we should lead by example and not fill all political appointments. Belief in the primacy of the national security state has caused conservative administrations to defer political decisions to the generals and the intelligence community. The result has been decades of disappointment. Fortunately, this situation is changing. The conservative movement increasingly knows what time it is in America. More and more of our politicians are willing to use the government to achieve our vision, because the neutrality of “keeping the government out of it” will lose every time to the left’s vast power. The calls for a “new Church Committee” represent a momentous shift in energy; while conservatives used to lament liberal Sen. Frank Church’s original project as a kooky leftist attack against “The Brave Men And Women of Our Intelligence Community,” we’re now the ones agitating for Congress to go after the three-letter agencies. This new vigor of the right can be found at Project 2025. Organized by the Heritage Foundation, Project 2025 has brought together 45 (and counting) right-of-center organizations that are ready to get into the business of restoring this country through the combination of the right policies and well-trained people. The Project’s foundation is built on four interconnected pillars.

< Back Evan Louey-Dacus Volunteer Coordinator Evan is the Volunteer Coordinator at Tarpeia. He also serves as President of the King's Debate Society at The King's College in New York. He has experience in market research, social media management, and project management. Some of his favorite pastimes are video games and horseback riding. His favorite topics of conversation are alternate history and Lord of the Rings.

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858–January 6, 1919) was the 26th president of the United States and one of the most energetic and consequential figures of the Progressive Era. Born into a wealthy New York family, Roosevelt overcame severe childhood health problems to become a scholar, author, soldier, reformer, conservationist, and political leader. He became president in 1901 after the assassination of William McKinley and transformed the presidency into a more active force in American political and economic life. During his administration, Roosevelt pursued corporate regulation, consumer protection, conservation, and a more assertive foreign policy, while promoting what he called the “Square Deal” for Americans. After leaving office, he remained a powerful public figure, eventually running for president again in 1912 as the nominee of the Progressive Party. His life was characterized by an extraordinary combination of intellectual curiosity, physical vigor, political ambition, and a conviction that public service was a moral responsibility. Roosevelt was born in New York City on October 27, 1858, to Theodore Roosevelt Sr. and Martha Bulloch Roosevelt. His family was wealthy and socially prominent, and his father was a successful businessman and philanthropist who strongly encouraged his children to serve others. Theodore was an intelligent and exceptionally curious child, but he suffered from severe asthma and other physical ailments that frequently left him weak and confined indoors. Rather than accepting his physical limitations, he developed a rigorous program of exercise and outdoor activity to strengthen himself, later famously declaring that he had to “make his body.” He was educated primarily by private tutors and became an avid reader, naturalist, and amateur historian. Roosevelt entered Harvard College in 1876, where he studied a wide range of subjects and developed an interest in history, politics, and natural science. Shortly after graduating in 1880, he entered Columbia Law School but soon abandoned his legal studies to pursue politics, beginning a career that would eventually carry him from the New York State Assembly to the presidency. Roosevelt entered public life at the age of 23 when he was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1881. There he quickly gained a reputation as a reformer willing to challenge corruption and political machines, although his political career was interrupted by profound personal tragedy. In 1884, both his mother and his first wife, Alice Hathaway Lee, died within hours of each other, and Roosevelt withdrew from politics for a time, moving to the Dakota Territory to work as a rancher. The experience strengthened his love of the American West and the outdoors, while also providing material for several of his books. He eventually returned to New York and became increasingly influential in the Republican Party. Roosevelt served as a member of the U.S. Civil Service Commission, president of the New York City Board of Police Commissioners, and Assistant Secretary of the Navy. During the Spanish-American War in 1898, he resigned his Navy position and helped organize the Rough Riders, gaining national fame after fighting in Cuba. His military reputation helped propel him into the New York governorship in 1899, where he pursued progressive reforms and challenged the power of powerful Republican political bosses. Roosevelt became vice president under William McKinley in March 1901, but only six months later McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz, making Roosevelt president at the age of 42—the youngest person to hold the office up to that time. He quickly established a new model of presidential leadership, believing that the president could take any action not expressly prohibited by the Constitution. His domestic program, known as the Square Deal, sought to balance the interests of business, labor, and consumers. His administration aggressively pursued federal regulation of large corporations, most famously through the prosecution of the Northern Securities Company, while the Hepburn Act strengthened federal regulation of railroads. Roosevelt also championed consumer protection, helping inspire the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. He dramatically expanded federal conservation efforts, establishing national forests, wildlife refuges, and national monuments and protecting millions of acres of public land. In foreign affairs, Roosevelt pursued an assertive policy summarized by the phrase “speak softly and carry a big stick.” He helped negotiate an end to the Russo-Japanese War, for which he received the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize, and oversaw the construction of the Panama Canal. He won reelection in 1904 and left office in 1909, choosing his close political ally William Howard Taft as his successor. After leaving the presidency, Roosevelt traveled extensively and went on an expedition to Africa, where he collected specimens for the Smithsonian Institution. He later embarked on a dangerous expedition down an unexplored river in the Amazon Basin with his son Kermit, an experience that nearly cost him his life. Increasingly dissatisfied with President Taft, whom he believed had abandoned the progressive principles of his administration, Roosevelt returned to politics. He challenged Taft for the Republican presidential nomination in 1912, but Taft and the Republican establishment retained control of the party. Roosevelt and his supporters then created the Progressive Party, popularly known as the “Bull Moose Party,” and Roosevelt became its presidential nominee. He survived an assassination attempt during the campaign and famously continued his speech after being shot, remarking that “it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.” Although he lost the 1912 election to Democrat Woodrow Wilson, Roosevelt's Progressive campaign advocated an ambitious program of political, economic, and social reforms and helped shape the future of American progressivism. During World War I, Roosevelt became an outspoken advocate of American intervention and sharply criticized Wilson's neutrality, while four of Roosevelt's sons served in the war. Roosevelt's health declined after years of physical exertion, injuries, and tropical disease, although he remained active in public affairs until the end of his life. His youngest son, Quentin, was killed while serving as a pilot in France in July 1918, a devastating loss from which Roosevelt never fully recovered. On January 6, 1919, Roosevelt died in his sleep at his home at Sagamore Hill in Oyster Bay, New York, at the age of 60. Vice President Thomas R. Marshall famously remarked that Roosevelt “had to sleep,” reflecting the extraordinary energy with which he had approached public life. Roosevelt was buried at Youngs Memorial Cemetery in Oyster Bay. His legacy remains both celebrated and debated: he dramatically expanded the power and visibility of the modern presidency, strengthened federal regulation of corporations, helped establish the federal government as a protector of consumers and natural resources, and permanently expanded the nation's conservation system. At the same time, his nationalism, imperialism, and attitudes toward race and foreign peoples have drawn substantial criticism. Nevertheless, Theodore Roosevelt remains one of the most influential presidents in American history, and his conception of an energetic presidency helped define the role the office would play throughout the twentieth century. President, Vice President, Governor

A service mark is a type of intellectual property that represents and protects services, as opposed to trademarks which protect goods or products. It is used to identify and distinguish the services of one provider from those of others. A service mark can include words, names, symbols, or a combination of these elements. < Back Service Mark & Brand Usage A service mark is a type of intellectual property that represents and protects services, as opposed to trademarks which protect goods or products. It is used to identify and distinguish the services of one provider from those of others. A service mark can include words, names, symbols, or a combination of these elements. Amending America appreciates the public support and interest in its mission and services. Because the reputation underlying its brands and trademarks is extremely important, Amending America must take certain steps to protect these marks and materials. Amending America offers the following guidelines for those who wish to use or reference these trademarks or materials. Amending America materials include but are not limited to its website and videos. Use or usage includes but is not limited to other websites, mobile websites, devices, portals, apps, as well as the API. You may use Amending America trademarks or materials subject to the guidelines below and in accordance with Amending America’s general terms and conditions. If you have any questions regarding these policies, email amendingamericaltd@gmail.com The AMENDING AMERICA® word mark and design logo: SM Permitted Use of Marks You may make fair use of the AMENDING AMERICA® wordmark to make true, factual statements about Amending America or to discuss or critique Amending America. Permissible fair uses of the AMENDING AMERICA® word mark include accurate statements such as: The linked AMENDING AMERICA® video lecture explains . . . ; and The AMENDING AMERICA® website is located at www.amendingamerica.us Prohibited Use of Marks Unless you have explicit written permission to do so, you should NOT : Display or otherwise use the Amending America Trademarks in a manner likely to lead others to believe that you are in any way associated with, endorsed by, or affiliated with Amending America. Stretch, distort, alter, rearrange, recolor, combine, or otherwise manipulate Amending America design logos or the AMENDING AMERICA® wordmark. In any way state or imply that Amending America produces, endorses, or supports you or any of your products or services. Display any Amending America Trademarks in connection with your own trademarks. Use Amending America trademarks in the naming or promotion of an app or other services, nor may organizations combine their brands with Amending America to create a new brand. Instead use the following language: "Viewer for Amending America". This makes it clear that the offering is not from nor supported by Amending America. Permitted Use of Materials An organization may provide a link to the www.amendingamerica.us site or a page starting with www. amendingamerica.us . An organization may also embed a video into a site. Usage of materials must adhere to our Creative Commons (CC-by-NC-SA) Licensing and Terms of Service , in particular, the attribution and non-commercial clauses. Attribution: Per our license , you must attribute the material to Amending America, but not in any way that suggests that Amending America directly endorses you or your use of the materials. Please include a link to www.amendingamerica.us and the following verbiage: "Note: All Amending America content is available for free at www.amendingamerica.us ". In addition, where Amending America materials are incorporated into a service that requires login for the service, the notification must be provided prior to login that all Amending America materials are available for free at www.amendingamerica.us . Non-commercial: Amending America defines “non-commercial” as any use that is not directly intended to generate sales or profits or any other commercial advantage for the user. Here are a few examples: Advertisements on a website are considered commercial. It is also considered commercial for a third party to use Amending America in advertising or marketing for their services or products. The use of our content by a for-profit corporation for internal professional development and/or training of its employees is “non-commercial” as long as that corporation does not charge its employees for such use. The use of our content by an organization that is incorporating it into a paid offering is NOT "non-commercial" For mobile apps or other similar use cases, the title and/or description should clearly indicate it is unofficial; if there is a "contact us” section, the developer(s) should be listed for technical issues. Prohibited Use of Materials You agree not to link or embed Amending America’s site or materials in any manner such that the site or materials are “framed,” surrounded, or obfuscated by any third party content, materials, or branding (e.g., banner ads or putting Amending America materials behind a paid login wall is commercial). We may require that any link to or embedding of Amending America materials be discontinued and may revoke your right to link to the sites from any other web site at any time. Previous Next

As Chief of Human Resources, you are tasked with keeping the spirits of the other Chiefs and subordinates up and to be there for anyone who may need your support. You will work closely with the Chief of Quality and Chief of Clientele in recruiting, training, managing benefits, compensation, and giving a report on the satisfaction of everyone in the charity including volunteers, customers, and donors. You will also keep track of which Chiefs work with each other and encourage as much cooperation and integration as possible. < Back Chief of HR Apply Now Job Type Volunteer About the Role As Chief of Human Resources, you are tasked with keeping the spirits of the other Chiefs and subordinates up and to be there for anyone who may need your support. You will work closely with the Chief of Quality and Chief of Clientele in recruiting, training, managing benefits, compensation, and giving a report on the satisfaction of everyone in the charity including volunteers, customers, and donors. You will also keep track of which Chiefs work with each other and encourage as much cooperation and integration as possible. Requirements Have prior experience in HR About the Company Amending America is an educational support services 501(c)(3) that specializes in American History, Civics, and Constitutional Law, and provides a variety of different resources for people to learn from including online courses, research projects, videos, and an extensive library of primary source documents. Apply Now