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Emancipation Era

Chapter 14: Reconstruction 1865 ― 1885

Treason Made Odious 1865-1869


Let Us Have Peace 1869-1877


Southern Redemption 1877-1885


Civil War 1860 ― 1865

Gilded Age 1885 ― 1897


Emancipation Era Sponsors


In Grateful Recognition


"Patrons of the Past"

(Sponsoring all nine Eras)

Doug Shubert

Adam Shubert

Cathy Gillespie



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Documents

Master Index

2005

George W. Bush

Bush Jr.'s 2005 State of the Union

2005

Supreme Court

Gonzales v. Raich

2005

Supreme Court

Kelo v. City of New London

2005

Supreme Court

McCreary v. ACLU

2005

Supreme Court

Castle Rock v. Gonzales

2005

Supreme Court

Van Orden v. Perry

2006

George W. Bush

Bush Jr.'s 2006 State of the Union

2007

George W. Bush

Bush Jr.'s 2007 State of the Union

2007

Supreme Court

Gonzales v. Carhart

2007

Supreme Court

Morse v. Frederick

2008

George W. Bush

Bush Jr.'s 2008 State of the Union

2008

Supreme Court

DC v. Heller

Biographies

Jimmy Carter (1924-2024) was the 39th president of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 during economic challenges, energy shortages, and international crises. His presidency achieved significant diplomatic successes, while his administration also promoted human rights, energy conservation, and environmental protection. After leaving office, Carter became a leading humanitarian through the Carter Center, earning the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.

Jimmy

Carter

Joe Biden (1942-) is an American politician who served as the 46th president of the United States from 2021 to 2025, following 36 years as a U.S. senator from Delaware and eight years as vice president under Barack Obama. His presidency focused on rebuilding the economy after the COVID-19 pandemic, investing in infrastructure and domestic manufacturing, expanding clean-energy programs, strengthening U.S. alliances, while facing controversies over inflation, immigration, Afghanistan, and his age.

Joe

Biden

Donald Trump (1946-) is an American businessman and television personality who became the 45th and later the 47th president of the United States. His political career transformed the Republican Party and was defined by an “America First” agenda emphasizing immigration restriction, trade protection, deregulation, and a more assertive approach to executive power.

Donald

Trump

George W. Bush (1946-) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009 during a period defined by the War on Terror. Before becoming president, he worked in the oil industry, and served two terms as governor of Texas. After leaving office, Bush focused on charitable work, veterans' initiatives, global health.

George

W. Bush

Bill Clinton (1946-) was the 42nd president of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001 during a period marked by economic growth, declining unemployment, and the end of the Cold War era. A centrist Democrat, he promoted policies including welfare reform, consumer rights, deficit reduction, expanded trade, and economic development while also pursuing an active foreign policy. His presidency was ultimately defined both by its economic successes and by scandal.

Bill

Clinton

Barack Obama (1961-) was the 44th president of the United States serving from 2009 to 2017. Before becoming president, he worked as a civil rights lawyer before entering politics in Illinois and later serving in the U.S. Senate. His presidency was defined by the Affordable Care Act, the response to the Great Recession, continuing the War on Terror, and efforts to address social and environmental issues.

Barack

Obama

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