
Emancipation Era
Chapter 13: Civil War 1860 ― 1865
Secession Crisis 1860-1861
Preserving the Union 1861-1863
New Birth of Freedom 1863-1865

Sectional Crisis 1849 ― 1860
Reconstruction 1865 ― 1885
Documents
Master Index
Biographies

William H. Taft (1857-1930) was the 27th President of the United States, serving from 1909 to 1913, and later became the 10th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Taft served in several important government positions before becoming president, including Governor of the Philippines and Secretary of War. As President, Taft strengthened federal antitrust enforcement, expanded railroad regulation, and promoted American economic influence abroad through his policy of Dollar Diplomacy.
William
H. Taft

Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) was the 26th president of the United States. After becoming president following William McKinley’s assassination, he advanced the “Square Deal,” strengthened federal regulation of corporations and railroads, protected millions of acres of public land, and expanded America’s influence abroad. Roosevelt left a lasting legacy as one of the most influential presidents of the Progressive Era.
Theodore
Roosevelt

Charles G. Dawes (1865-1951) was an Ohio-born lawyer and Chicago banker who became comptroller of the currency and later a leading figure in international economic reconstruction after World War I. His work on the Dawes Plan earned him the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize, and he subsequently served as Calvin Coolidge's vice president from 1925 to 1929. Afterward, Dawes served as U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom before returning to Chicago, where he died in 1951.
Charles
Dawes

Warren G. Harding (1865-1923) was the 29th president of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923, and was elected on a promise to restore stability and “normalcy” after World War I. Harding promoted tax cuts, reduced government spending, business growth, immigration restrictions, and arms limitation, while his administration was overshadowed by scandals.
Warren
G. Harding

John N. Garner (1868-1967) was a Texas lawyer who spent three decades in the House of Representatives and eventually became Speaker. He served as Franklin D. Roosevelt's vice president for eight years but broke with Roosevelt over important New Deal policies and challenged him for the Democratic nomination in 1940. Garner retired to Texas and lived until 1967, dying shortly before his ninety-ninth birthday.
John
Garner

























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