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Emancipation Era

Chapter 12: Sectional Crisis 1849 ― 1860

Condemned Compromise 1849-1853


Bleeding Kansas 1853-1857


A House Divided 1857-1860


Manifest Destiny 1841 ― 1849

Civil War 1860 ― 1865


Emancipation Era Sponsors


In Grateful Recognition


"Patrons of the Past"

(Sponsoring all nine Eras)

Doug Shubert

Adam Shubert

Cathy Gillespie



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Documents

Master Index

1794

The Jay Treaty

1794

Congressional Replies to Washington's Sixth State of the Union

1795

Nationalization Act of 1795

1795

The Defence No. I by Camillus (Alexander Hamilton)

1795

Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and The United States

1795

Washington's 1795 State of the Union

1795

Congressional Replies to Washington's Seventh State of the Union

1796

Jefferson Letter to Mazzei

1796

Admission of the State of Tennessee

1796

George Washington

Washington's Farewell

1796

George Washington

Washington's 1796 State of the Union

1796

Congressional Replies to Washington's Eighth State of the Union

Biographies

John F. Kennedy (1917–1963) was the 35th president of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. His presidency was defined by Cold War confrontations, including the Cuban Missile Crisis, the expansion of the space program, and increasing federal support for civil rights. Though his presidency lasted less than three years, Kennedy's assassination and his vision of American public service made him one of the most enduringly remembered presidents in American history.

John

F. Kennedy

Spiro T. Agnew (1918-1996) rose from Maryland county government to become governor and then Richard Nixon's vice president. His nationally prominent speeches became a feature of Nixon's political strategy, but a separate federal corruption investigation led to his resignation in October 1973. Gerald Ford succeeded him under the newly established procedure of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment.

Spiro

Agnew

George H. W. Bush (1924-2018) was the 41st President of the United States, whose long career in government included service as a congressman, diplomat, CIA director, and vice president. His presidency was defined by the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Persian Gulf War, and major domestic legislation. Bush left a legacy as an experienced and pragmatic statesman whose emphasized diplomacy and international cooperation.

George

H. W. Bush

Jimmy Carter (1924-2024) was the 39th president of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 during economic challenges, energy shortages, and international crises. His presidency achieved significant diplomatic successes, while his administration also promoted human rights, energy conservation, and environmental protection. After leaving office, Carter became a leading humanitarian through the Carter Center, earning the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.

Jimmy

Carter

Walter Mondale (1928-2021) was a Minnesota lawyer and politician who served as attorney general, U.S. senator, and vice president under Jimmy Carter. As vice president, he worked unusually closely with Carter and helped establish the modern vice president as an active presidential adviser. After leaving office, Mondale became the Democratic presidential nominee in 1984 and later served as ambassador to Japan.

Walter

Mondale

Richard B. Cheney (1941-2025) was a Wyoming congressman, White House chief of staff, and secretary of defense before becoming vice president under George W. Bush. He served two terms from 2001 to 2009 and played a major role in the administration's national-security and foreign-policy decisions. His career encompasses more than four decades of federal public service and executive-branch leadership.

Dick

Cheney

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