
Revolutionary Era
Chapter 5: Independence 1775 ― 1784
Dissolving the Bands 1775-1776
The Great Revolution 1776-1782
Novus Ordo Seclorum 1782-1784

Join or Die 1763 ― 1775
More Perfect Union 1784 ― 1789
Documents
Master Index

1861
Jefferson Davis’s inaugural address presented secession as a lawful and constitutional act of self-government, arguing that the Southern states had peacefully withdrawn from a Union that no longer protected their rights and property. While avoiding explicit repeated references to slavery, Davis defended the Confederate cause as the preservation of the social and economic order built upon slave property and framed the new Confederacy as the true heir of the principles of 1776 and the Constitution.
Jefferson Davis
Presidential Inaugural Address for the CSA
Biographies

Jimmy Carter (1924-2024) was the 39th president of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 during economic challenges, energy shortages, and international crises. His presidency achieved significant diplomatic successes, while his administration also promoted human rights, energy conservation, and environmental protection. After leaving office, Carter became a leading humanitarian through the Carter Center, earning the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.
Jimmy
Carter

Joe Biden (1942-) is an American politician who served as the 46th president of the United States from 2021 to 2025, following 36 years as a U.S. senator from Delaware and eight years as vice president under Barack Obama. His presidency focused on rebuilding the economy after the COVID-19 pandemic, investing in infrastructure and domestic manufacturing, expanding clean-energy programs, strengthening U.S. alliances, while facing controversies over inflation, immigration, Afghanistan, and his age.
Joe
Biden

Donald Trump (1946-) is an American businessman and television personality who became the 45th and later the 47th president of the United States. His political career transformed the Republican Party and was defined by an “America First” agenda emphasizing immigration restriction, trade protection, deregulation, and a more assertive approach to executive power.
Donald
Trump

George W. Bush (1946-) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009 during a period defined by the War on Terror. Before becoming president, he worked in the oil industry, and served two terms as governor of Texas. After leaving office, Bush focused on charitable work, veterans' initiatives, global health.
George
W. Bush

Bill Clinton (1946-) was the 42nd president of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001 during a period marked by economic growth, declining unemployment, and the end of the Cold War era. A centrist Democrat, he promoted policies including welfare reform, consumer rights, deficit reduction, expanded trade, and economic development while also pursuing an active foreign policy. His presidency was ultimately defined both by its economic successes and by scandal.
Bill
Clinton

Barack Obama (1961-) was the 44th president of the United States serving from 2009 to 2017. Before becoming president, he worked as a civil rights lawyer before entering politics in Illinois and later serving in the U.S. Senate. His presidency was defined by the Affordable Care Act, the response to the Great Recession, continuing the War on Terror, and efforts to address social and environmental issues.
Barack
Obama

























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