Colonial Era
Chapter 3: Intercolonial Wars 1675 ― 1763
First Intercolonial War 1675-1702
Second Intercolonial War 1702-1727
Third Intercolonial War 1727-1749
Fourth Intercolonial War 1749-1763
Nova Britannia 1603 ― 1675
Join or Die 1763 ― 1775
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Documents
Master Index
1862
An open letter urging Abraham Lincoln to enforce existing anti-slavery laws and adopt emancipation as a central war aim, arguing that hesitation toward slavery was undermining the Union cause. It reflects growing Northern pressure to transform the Civil War into a moral and military struggle against slavery, helping set the stage for Lincoln’s shift toward the Emancipation Proclamation.
Horace Greeley
The Prayer of Twenty Millions
1862
In response to Horace Greeley’s public editorial “The Prayer of Twenty Millions,” Abraham Lincoln’s letter clarified that his paramount constitutional duty as president was the preservation of the Union, not the immediate abolition or preservation of slavery as an end in itself. Lincoln emphasized that any action he took regarding slavery — including emancipation — would be justified only insofar as it helped suppress the rebellion and restore national authority, while still affirming his personal wish “that all men, everywhere, could be free.”
Abraham Lincoln
Response Letter to Greeley
Biographies
Donald
Trump
Donald Trump (1946-) is an American businessman and television personality who became the 45th and later the 47th president of the United States. His political career transformed the Republican Party and was defined by an “America First” agenda emphasizing immigration restriction, trade protection, deregulation, and a more assertive approach to executive power.
George
W. Bush
George W. Bush (1946-) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009 during a period defined by the War on Terror. Before becoming president, he worked in the oil industry, and served two terms as governor of Texas. After leaving office, Bush focused on charitable work, veterans' initiatives, global health.
Bill
Clinton
Bill Clinton (1946-) was the 42nd president of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001 during a period marked by economic growth, declining unemployment, and the end of the Cold War era. A centrist Democrat, he promoted policies including welfare reform, consumer rights, deficit reduction, expanded trade, and economic development while also pursuing an active foreign policy. His presidency was ultimately defined both by its economic successes and by scandal.
Barack
Obama
Barack Obama (1961-) was the 44th president of the United States serving from 2009 to 2017. Before becoming president, he worked as a civil rights lawyer before entering politics in Illinois and later serving in the U.S. Senate. His presidency was defined by the Affordable Care Act, the response to the Great Recession, continuing the War on Terror, and efforts to address social and environmental issues.